The biological function of the adult female reproductive organs is to produce ripe egg cells, promote suitable conditions for their fertilization by a sperm from the male and then provide a nurturing and protective environment for the development of the foetus. The activity of the system is cyclical in a non-pregnant woman. An egg is ripened and released every month by the ovary. If the egg is fertilized, the system usually switches from the regular menstrual cycle to the temporary nine months ‘diversion’ of pregnancy.
Menstruation or menses is the normal monthly discharge of blood from the uterus by way of vagina. This process occurs because a woman’s uterus prepares itself to accept a fertilized egg and when pregnancy does not occur, this specially prepared uterine lining is shed in the form of blood and dead tissues. Menstruation starts around the age of 11 to 14 years and lasts till around the age of 50. Menstrual cycle occurs over a time span of 28 days throughout the child bearing period of a woman’s life i.e. usually 35 years. Menstruation is only a part of the menstrual cycle and lasts for 2 to 7 days (average 4 days).
Some of the gynaecological disorders associated with the menstrual cycle are :
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